References:
  1. A brief description and reproduction of two of the maps of a Korean atlas held at the Tall Tree Library was in Imago Mundi, Vol. XIII, 1956, pp. 163-164. The map collections at the American Geographical Scoiety in New York and the Library of Congress in Washington have a number of copies of the old Korean hand atlases.
  2. Though there are many publications on Korean cartography, there is little literature devoted solely to the Korean atlases. For English-language references to Korean cartography see my article on 'Some Korean Maps', Transactions, Korea Branch Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. L, 1975, Seoul, pp. 70-102.
  3. As noted in Reference 10, Dr. Chan Lee has listed the important holdings in nine of the leading collections in Korea. There are many other Korean libraries and museums that have copies of the hand atlases. I have seen some excellent examples of Korean atlases in Japanese collections, such as those at Tokyo University, Toyo Bunka Library and Tenri University. Other atlases which have come from private collections of Japanese who were in Korea in the pre-World War H period are often offered for sale in antiquarian stores in Tokyo.
  4. Leo Bagrow collected a number of Korean atlases when he was in Korea in 1912. He comments briefly on the bookstores he found in the foreword of his History of Cartography. (Edited by R.A. Skelton, Harvard University Press, 1964.) According to Hiroshi Nakamura, 'His (Bagrow) collection itself of the Korean cartographical materials he had with him was lost in Russia in the confusion of the revolution that broke out during his stay there, but the photographs (photostats) of these Korean maps and his notebook were barely rescued'. ('Old Chinese World Maps Preserved by the Koreans,' Chosen Gakuho, Journal of the Academic Association of Koreanology in Japan, No. 39/40, April 1966, pp. 458-530, quotation from Avant-propos, p.52l).
  5. When I was doing geographic field work in Korea iil 1938-1939, I bought a number of atlases. Some of these I presented to libraries such as that of the American Geographical Society in New York.
  6. I spent many interesting hours looking at old atlases and maps in Korean libraries, collections and bookstores in 1975 and 1976 while I was a visiting Fulbright professor at Soong Jun University in Seoul.
  7. Dr. Nakamura's article was originally written in French in 1934.
    It was written at the request of Leo Bagrow, the editor of Imago Mundi, forwarded to him by Professor Waiter Fuchs, S.J., who at that time was in Mukden. The article was translated into German but because of publication problems in Germany was delayed in publication. According to Dr. Nakamura, the manuscript of the article 'together with the library and map collection of Prof. Bagrow were robbed by the Soviet troops in Berlin'. Fortunately a proof of the article was discovered in London and was translated and published in Imago Mundi, Vol. 4, Stockholm, March 1948, pp. 3-22. Some years later in 1966, as noted in Reference 2, Dr. Nakamura published the original French version together with comments in Japanese and English on the difficulties involved in its publication and with many more illustrations and footnotes.
  8. Henri Cordier. 'Description d'un Atlas sino-coreen manuscrit du British Museum', Recueil de voyages et de Documents pour servir a l'histoire de la geographique, depuis de XIJJe siecle jusqu 'a la fin de XVIe•Section Cartographie, Paris, 1896, pp. 6-12,13 maps.
  9. The Christmas greeting card was prepared by the American Geographical Society of New York in 1970. There is a rather extensive literature on the Ch 'onhado, or world map. Some of the common references may be found in my articles: 'Old Korean World Maps', Korean Review, Vol. H, No. I, Seattle, Washington, September, 1949, pp. 14-17 and 'World Maps by Korean Cartographers', Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, No. 45, SeOUl, Jan. 1977, pp. 1-8.
  10. Dr. Chan Lee, Professor of Geography at Seoul National University, has written a number of articles and monographs on aspects of early Korean cartography. Recen tly published was his lavishly-illustrated, quarto-size volume: Old Maps of Korea. The Korean Library Science Research Institute, Seoul, Korea, 1977, 249 pages. The coloured and black-and-wh ite repro­ductions in this book are excellent. Three English language essays are included. Of special interest to collectors are 'the catalogues of nine major map collections in Korea. These are particularly useful, for some libraries are reticent about even listing their holdings.
  11. See References 4 and 7. Dr. Nakamura concluded: ' ... cette mappemonde est purement chinoise et on n:y trouve aucune trace specialement coreene ... '
  12. Chan Lee, see Reference 10, has noted in his monograph on Korean Old World Maps - Ch 'onhado and Hanilgangni• Yokdae• Kukdo•Chido, Graduate School of Education, Seoul ational University, April, 1971, 40 pages, 'the Chonhado may well be originated by Koreans during or before the Yi Dynasty was founded in 1392'.
  13. There are many references to this map of Korea and of the Korean provinces which are in the Tongguk Yogi Sungnam. In some cases it may be tha t persons have taken the maps ou t of the various wood-block editions of the Tongguk Yoji Sungnam and have bound them in atlas form.
  14. Jeon, Sangwoon, Science and Technology in Korea: Traditional Instruments and Techniques, The MIT Press; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1974, xxii, 383 pages, discusses the Haedong Ch egukki, pages 286-288; he also discusses other Korean maps such as the Ch 'onhado but sometimes adds more confusion than enlightenment.
  15. As Hiroshi Nakamura (References 4 and 7) notes in discussing this type of map (his #Xl), the super position of supposed longitude and latitude over a map portraying mythical places created 'un anachronisme inimaginable'.
  16. For a brief account of Chong Sang-gi and for references regarding his achievements see my article on 'Some Korean Maps', Reference 2. His atlas was reproduced in an article by Norman J.W. Thrower and Young-!! Kim, 'Dong-Kook-Yu-Ji-Do: a Recently Discovered Manuscript Map of Korea', Imago Mundi, Vol. XXI, 1967, pp. 30-49. Numerous manuscript copies are to be found in various collections and in antique stores in Seoul.
  17. The printing of this atlas the Tae Chosonguk Chondo, coincided with the printing by wood blocks of some world geography books; these helped Korean scholars and students to become informed of the outside world.
  18. The correction of the shape of Korea on European maps was the result of the efforts of Jesuit missionary, cartographers notably Father Jean-Baptiste Regis. For more information on this aspect of Korean cartography see my article, 'Geographical Observations in Korea: Those of Father Regis published in 1735'. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Seoul, No. 44, December, 1976, pp. 1-9.