CONCLUDING REMARKS

The above shown examples of school wall maps illustrate the variety and richness of Dutch school cartography in the 19th and 20th century. However, as demonstrated in the paragraphs ‘relief representation’ and ‘map fidelity and up-to-dateness’, the quality of the school wall maps (and, though not shown, also of the school atlas maps) can vary considerably. Due to the lack of cartographic training-facilities the latter is especially true for school wall maps published before 1950, and, hence, for the school wall maps of the Dutch East Indies (almost always published between 1875 and 1950). As the school wall maps from this period were often produced by self-taught, stubborn and independently working school teachers, cartographic developments are hard to distinguish in this relatively short period. The most visible trend is the appearance from about 1900 of simple and clear school wall maps, that can be used at a distance.

After 1950 the design of school wall maps ceased to be an additional job of school teachers and was gradually taken over by professional cartographers (for instance the ‘Cartografisch Instituut J.B. Wolters’). This is noticeable in the higher quality of the school wall maps of Netherlands New Guinea (period 1950-1962) and of Surinam (since 1950).


REFERENCES

1. Brink, L.E.S. and L.M.A. Holl, De wereld tussen twee stokken: De geschiedenis van de Nederlandse schoolwandkaarten. - Nijmegen, 2005. - Chapter I.

2. Brink, L.E.S., De Schoolkaart van Insulinde van R. Schuiling: Een overzicht van de Indische cartografie in 1898 op vijf m². - In: Caert-Thresoor 25 (2006), 1, p. 13-19.

3. Ormeling, F.J., Biografie van de Bosatlas: 1877-heden. - Groningen, 2005. - p. 19.

4. Raisz, E., General cartography. - New York, 1948. - p. 220.

5. Noordhoff, R., De kaart als grondslag van het onderwijs in de aardrijkskunde. - Amsterdam, 1902.

6. Brink, L.E.S. and L.M.A. Holl, Schoolkaarten vol plaatjes: Aardrijkskunde-onderwijs met de methode Bakker en Rusch. - In: Boekenpost 13 (2005), p. 40-41.